Aerial Pollutant Emissions from Confinement Animal Buildings
(APECAB) Project
Funding Agency: USDA-IFAFS (Initiative for
Future Agricultural and Food Systems)
University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign
Introduction
This emission project was conducted
collaboratively by six universities in six states
including Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota,
North Carolina, and Texas.
Data collection in Illinois commenced in June
2003 and was completed in May 2004. The
aerial pollutants that were measured from a
swine gestation facility in Neoga, IL were
ammonia (NH3), carbon dioxide (CO2),
hydrogen sulfide (H2S), PM10, total suspended
particulate matter (TSP), and odor; animal data
was provided by the producer. The factors
affecting the emission rates that were monitored
were air temperature (ambient, inlet, exhaust,
animal exposure), relative humidity,
atmospheric pressure, static pressure, and
ventilation rate.
Measurement Site
Quantify the pollutant emissions from confined
animal buildings.
Provide baseline data on aerial emissions from
typical US livestock and poultry buildings to
regulators, producers, researchers, students,
and stakeholders.
Determine the long-term characteristics of
odor, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and
particulate matter emissions from representative
types of livestock and poultry buildings.
Study the trends of ventilation rate, animal
weight, humidity, temperature, and manure
management on aerial pollutant emissions.
objectives
Measurement
Ventilation Rate
Gaseous and PM10
NH3, CO2, H2S, PM10 emission data
Gestation Barn (Barn 1)
Breeding Barn (Barn 2)
Emission (NH3)
Emmision (NH3)
Date
kg/d
g/d-m2
g/d-hd
g/d-AU
Valid data
kg/d
g/d-m2
g/d-hd
g/d-AU
Valid data
1-Jul
0.18±0.03
0.89±0.15
3.20±0.53
7.8±1.3
50%
0.20±0.03
1.00±0.13
3.59±0.48
8.8±1.2
64%
2-Jul
0.21±0.04
1.05±0.20
3.74±0.70
9.2±1.7
100%
0.23±0.08
1.17±0.40
4.18±1.42
10.2±3.5
100%
3-Jul
0.23±0.04
1.18±0.19
4.23±0.68
10.3±1.7
100%
0.24±0.03
1.20±0.14
4.31±0.51
10.5±1.3
100%
4-Jul
0.25±0.04
1.25±0.21
4.46±0.76
10.9±1.9
99%
0.25±0.04
1.28±0.20
4.58±0.71
11.2±1.7
99%
5-Jul
0.23±0.03
1.16±0.17
4.16±0.60
10.2±1.5
100%
0.17±0.05
0.84±0.23
3.02±0.84
7.4±2.0
100%
6-Jul
0.20±0.04
1.00±0.18
3.59±0.66
8.8±1.6
100%
0.13±0.05
0.68±0.25
2.45±0.89
6.0±2.2
100%
7-Jul
0.21±0.05
1.08±0.23
3.88±0.84
9.5±2.0
80%
0.23±0.04
1.18±0.19
4.23±0.70
10.3±1.7
80%
8-Jul
0.26±0.13
1.33±0.68
4.76±2.44
11.6±6.0
38%
0.35±0.16
1.76±0.83
6.29±2.96
15.4±7.2
43%
9-Jul
0.20±0.03
1.02±0.17
3.66±0.61
8.9±1.5
100%
0.23±0.03
1.16±0.13
4.15±0.47
10.1±1.2
100%
10-Jul
0.17±0.03
0.89±0.16
3.18±0.56
7.8±1.4
71%
0.18±0.04
0.92±0.21
3.30±0.77
8.1±1.87
70%
11-Jul
0.19±0.03
0.98±0.15
3.50±0.55
8.6±1.3
100%
0.19±0.05
0.99±0.27
3.54±0.96
8.6±2.3
100%
12-Jul
0.19±0.04
0.97±0.22
3.47±0.80
8.5±2.0
100%
0.21±0.02
1.05±0.13
3.75±0.45
9.2±1.1
100%
13-Jul
0.21±0.04
1.08±0.21
3.87±0.77
9.5±1.9
100%
0.26±0.05
1.32±0.26
4.72±0.93
11.5±2.3
100%
14-Jul
0.30±0.09
1.53±0.48
5.48±1.72
13.4±4.2
100%
0.28±0.11
1.44±0.56
5.17±2.00
12.6±4.9
100%
15-Jul
0.32±0.06
1.62±0.32
5.79±1.15
12.3±2.2
74%
0.30±0.04
1.53±0.23
5.49±0.81
11.9±2.0
77%
16-Jul
0.23±0.06
1.15±0.32
4.13±1.16
10.1±2.8
100%
0.24±0.04
1.22±0.23
4.36±0.82
10.7±2.0
100%
17-Jul
0.30±0.07
1.50±0.34
5.38±1.21
13.1±3.0
100%
0.28±0.05
1.39±0.25
5.00±0.9
12.2±2.2
100%
18-Jul
0.30±0.08
1.54±0.38
5.51±1.36
13.5±3.3
100%
0.27±0.06
1.37±0.30
4.92±1.07
12.0±2.6
100%
19-Jul
0.30±0.06
1.50±0.29
5.38±1.03
13.1±2.5
100%
0.26±0.05
1.34±0.25
4.80±0.88
11.7±2.2
100%
20-Jul
0.30±0.07
1.51±0.35
5.39±1.25
13.2±3.1
100%
0.31±0.07
1.55±0.37
5.55±1.33
13.6±3.3
100%
21-Jul
0.32±0.05
1.62±0.24
5.79±0.86
14.2±2.1
100%
0.26±0.04
1.34±0.21
4.81±0.75
11.8±1.8
100%
22-Jul
0.28±0.11
1.41±0.57
5.05±2.04
12.4±5.0
67%
0.21±0.12
1.08±0.61
3.88±2.19
9.5±5.4
67%
23-Jul
0.39±0.06
2.00±0.32
7.17±1.15
17.5±2.8
100%
0.24±0.07
1.21±0.33
4.34±1.20
10.6±2.9
100%
24-Jul
0.35±0.05
1.75±0.28
6.28±0.98
15.4±2.5
100%
0.26±0.06
1.30±0.29
4.66±1.05
11.4±2.6
100%
25-Jul
0.41±0.07
2.08±0.34
7.46±1.22
18.2±3.0
100%
0.29±0.06
1.46±0.32
5.21±1.14
12.7±2.8
100%
26-Jul
0.39±0.05
1.99±0.28
7.13±0.99
17.4±2.4
100%
0.29±0.07
1.46±0.38
5.24±1.35
12.8±3.3
100%
27-Jul
0.37±0.06
1.86±0.31
6.66±1.10
16.3±2.7
100%
0.32±0.05
1.61±0.27
5.76±0.98
14.1±2.4
100%
28-Jul
0.34±0.07
1.74±0.37
6.22±1.32
15.2±3.2
68%
0.27±0.08
1.30±0.41
4.66±1.48
11.4±3.6
70%
29-Jul
0.26±0.05
1.34±0.28
4.79±0.99
11.7±2.4
10%
0.24±0.03
1.22±0.14
4.37±0.49
10.7±1.2
17%
30-Jul
0.40±0.09
2.02±0.44
7.23±1.58
17.7±3.9
95%
0.24±0.06
1.24±0.31
4.43±1.12
10.8±2.7
95%
31-Jul
0.89±0.37
4.52±1.89
16.19±6.76
39.6±16.5
93%
0.41±0.20
2.08±1.03
7.44±3.69
18.2±9.0
96%
Mean
0.30
1.53
5.49
13.4
0.25
1.3
4.6
11.2
n
26
26
26
26
26
27
27
27
27
27
Std. Dev.
0.14
0.71
2.56
6.26
0.05
0.27
0.96
2.31
Min
0.17
0.89
3.18
7.8
0.13
0.68
2.45
6.0
Max
0.89
4.52
16.19
39.6
0.41
2.1
7.44
18.2
Gestation Barn (Barn 1)
Breeding Barn (Barn 2)
Emission (H2S)
Emmision (H2S)
Date
kg/d
g/d-m2
g/d-hd
g/d-AU
Valid data
kg/d
g/d-m2
g/d-hd
g/d-AU
Valid data
1-Jul
0.015±0.003
0.074±0.017
0.266±0.062
0.65±0.15
51%
0.013±0.002
0.066±0.010
0.237±0.036
0.58±0.09
65%
2-Jul
0.020±0.008
0.103±0.043
0.369±0.154
0.90±0.38
100%
0.018±0.004
0.089±0.022
0.319±0.080
0.78±0.20
100%
3-Jul
0.021±0.014
0.105±0.071
0.375±0.254
0.92±0.62
100%
0.018±0.007
0.092±0.036
0.330±0.128
0.81±0.31
100%
4-Jul
0.026±0.018
0.125±0.093
0.447±0.334
1.09±0.82
99%
0.019±0.009
0.094±0.046
0.337±0.163
0.82±0.40
99%
5-Jul
0.025±0.019
0.128±0.094
0.460±0.337
1.12±0.82
100%
0.023±0.010
0.118±0.052
0.421±0.187
1.03±0.46
100%
6-Jul
0.022±0.013
0.110±0.064
0.394±0.230
0.96±0.56
100%
0.019±0.006
0.099±0.032
0.354±0.114
0.86±0.28
100%
7-Jul
0.020±0.015
0.100±0.075
0.358±0.268
0.88±0.66
80%
0.016±0.010
0.082±0.049
0.293±0.176
0.72±0.43
80%
8-Jul
0.046±0.029
0.233±0.147
0.835±0.567
1.62±2.00
38%
0.037±0.021
0.186±0.105
0.666±0376
1.63±0.92
43%
9-Jul
0.014±0.010
0.072±0.051
0.258±0.181
0.63±0.44
100%
0.012±0.006
0.061±0.030
0.219±0.106
0.54±0.26
100%
10-Jul
0.004±0.002
0.023±0.008
0.081±0.029
0.20±0.07
71%
0.007±0.001
0.036±0.006
0.129±0.021
0.31±0.05
70%
11-Jul
0.006±0.002
0.030±0.008
0.108±0.028
0.27±0.07
100%
0.008±0.001
0.042±0.007
0.152±0.025
0.37±0.06
100%
12-Jul
0.009±0.003
0.047±0.018
0.169±0.064
0.41±0.16
100%
0.011±0.002
0.055±0.009
0.195±0.031
0.48±0.08
100%
13-Jul
0.014±0.006
0.072±0.031
0.257±0.109
0.63±0.27
100%
0.010±0.003
0.053±0.015
0.188±0.053
0.46±0.13
100%
14-Jul
0.037±0.045
0.186±0.229
0.664±0.819
1.62±2.00
100%
0.024±0.022
0.120±0.113
0.429±0.405
1.05±0.99
100%
15-Jul
0.014±0.013
0.069±0.065
0.248±0.233
0.61±0.57
74%
0.015±0.009
0.079±0.048
0.162±0.237
0.69±0.42
77%
16-Jul
0.035±0.017
0.180±0.088
0.644±0.315
1.57±0.77
100%
0.023±0.010
0.116±0.052
0.414±0.184
1.01±0.45
100%
17-Jul
0.026±0.014
0.131±0.075
0.468±0.268
1.41±0.65
100%
0.021±0.012
0.106±0.063
0.378±0.226
0.92±0.55
100%
18-Jul
0.009±0.003
0.047±0.015
0.168±0.053
0.41±0.13
100%
0.010±0.002
0.052±0.009
0.186±0.031
0.46±0.08
100%
19-Jul
0.011±0.005
0.056±0.025
0.200±0.090
0.49±0.22
100%
0.011±0.003
0.054±0.014
0.192±0.049
0.47±0.12
100%
20-Jul
0.016±0.008
0.081±0.039
0.291±0.140
0.71±0.34
100%
0.014±0.005
0.072±0.021
0.259±0.076
0.63±0.18
100%
21-Jul
0.026±0.019
0.130±0.097
0.467±0.349
1.14±0.85
100%
0.021±0.010
0.107±0.051
0.383±0.181
0.94±0.44
100%
22-Jul
0.013±0.004
0.068±0.022
0.245±0.080
0.60±0.20
100%
0.011±0.002
0.055±0.010
0.197±0.034
0.48±0.08
100%
23-Jul
0.013±0.004
0.068±0.020
0.244±0.072
0.60±0.18
100%
0.010±0.002
0.051±0.012
0.182±0.042
0.45±0.10
100%
24-Jul
0.013±0.006
0.066±0.028
0.238±0.100
0.58±0.25
100%
0.011±0.004
0.057±0.022
0.205±0.078
0.50±0.19
100%
25-Jul
0.017±0.007
0.086±0.037
0.307±0.131
0.75±0.32
100%
0.012±0.003
0.061±0.014
0.220±0.050
0.54±0.12
100%
26-Jul
0.015±0.009
0.078±0.046
0.280±0.166
0.69±0.41
100%
0.012±0.004
0.060±0.018
0.217±0.065
0.53±0.16
100%
27-Jul
0.024±0.017
0.122±0.087
0.435±0.312
1.06±0.76
100%
0.016±0.009
0.082±0.045
0.292±0.161
0.71±0.39
100%
28-Jul
0.013±0.005
0.068±0.026
0.023±0.009
0.49±0.19
67%
0.012±0.002
0.063±0.013
0.020±0.004
0.46±0.09
70%
29-Jul
0.010±0.001
0.052±0.007
0.185±0.026
0.45±0.06
10%
0.006±0.001
0.028±0.006
0.102±0.020
0.25±0.05
18%
30-Jul
0.008±0.004
0.041±0.021
0.146±0.077
0.36±0.19
95%
0.007±0.002
0.035±0.010
0.125±0.037
0.31±0.09
95%
31-Jul
0.016±0.007
0.082±0.035
0.294±0.124
0.72±0.30
93%
0.020±0.021
0.104±0.108
0.372±0.387
0.91±0.95
96%
Mean
0.018
0.089
0.319
0.79
0.015
0.075
0.256
0.65
n
27
27
27
27
27
28
28
28
28
28
Std. Dev.
0.008
0.041
0.146
0.37
0.005
0.026
0.105
0.23
Min
0.004
0.023
0.081
0.20
0.007
0.035
0.020
0.31
Max
0.037
0.186
0.664
1.62
0.024
0.120
0.429
1.05
Gestation Barn (Barn 1)
Breeding Barn (Barn 2)
Emission (CO2)
Emmision (CO2)
Date
kg/d
g/d-m²
g/d-hd
g/d-AU
Valid data
kg/d
g/d-m²
g/d-hd
g/d-AU
Valid data
1-Jul
244±1
1240±3
4441±12
10855±29
53%
244±1
1239±3
4437±10
10845±25
67%
2-Jul
243±1
1232±5
4411±16
10783±40
100%
243±1
1233±3
4413±11
10788±26
100%
3-Jul
242±1
1229±5
4399±18
10752±43
100%
242±1
1229±4
4401±14
10758±33
100%
4-Jul
241±1
1226±7
4389±26
10728±64
99%
242±2
1228±7
4397±23
10749±57
99%
5-Jul
242±1
1228±5
4395±19
10744±48
100%
242±1
1231±5
4405±19
10769±48
100%
6-Jul
242±1
1229±7
4399±24
10753±59
100%
242±1
1231±6
4408±22
10776±54
100%
7-Jul
241±2
1223±11
4379±39
10704±94
79%
241±2
1226±11
4388±40
10727±97
80%
8-Jul
243±1
1233±6
4416±23
10794±57
38%
243±1
1234±6
4418±20
10799±50
43%
9-Jul
242±2
1231±10
4407±37
10773±90
100%
242±2
1231±8
4408±28
10776±70
100%
10-Jul
244±1
1234±2
4428±16
10824±39
71%
243±1
1233±3
4415±12
10793±28
70%
11-Jul
244±6
1241±33
4445±117
10865±287
100%
244±6
1238±33
4430±117
10830±286
100%
12-Jul
245±6
1243±33
4449±118
10876±288
100%
244±6
1239±33
4434±117
10840±286
100%
13-Jul
245±6
1246±33
4461±118
10904±289
100%
245±6
1242±33
4447±117
10869±287
100%
14-Jul
245±4
1246±19
4461±69
10904±168
100%
244±0
1241±2
4443±8
10861±20
100%
15-Jul
244±1
1239±4
4435±14
10842±35
74%
243±1
1236±3
4427±11
10821±27
77%
16-Jul
245±1
1242±4
4446±11
10871±31
100%
245±1
1242±3
4446±11
10867±26
100%
17-Jul
244±7
1241±33
4443±118
10861±290
100%
244±6
1241±33
4444±118
10862±288
100%
18-Jul
244±7
1241±33
4444±119
10864±290
100%
244±7
1241±33
4441±118
10856±289
100%
19-Jul
244±6
1241±33
4442±118
10857±289
100%
244±6
1240±33
4438±118
10848±287
100%
20-Jul
243±7
1233±34
4414±120
10789±294
100%
243±7
1233±33
4415±119
10792±290
100%
21-Jul
241±6
1224±6
4383±118
10714±288
100%
241±6
1225±33
4388±117
10726±287
100%
22-Jul
243±6
1236±33
4423±117
10812±286
100%
243±6
1233±33
4416±117
10794±285
100%
23-Jul
244±6
1240±41
4440±14
10853±299
100%
244±6
1238±33
4433±117
10837±286
100%
24-Jul
245±7
1246±33
4460±118
10902±289
100%
245±8
1243±33
4451±118
10881±288
100%
25-Jul
246±7
1247±33
4465±118
10913±289
100%
245±7
1245±33
4456±118
10893±289
100%
26-Jul
245±7
1245±33
4459±120
10899±292
100%
245±7
1243±33
4451±119
10880±291
100%
27-Jul
243±2
1233±11
4413±40
10788±97
100%
243±2
1235±11
4420±38
10804±92
100%
28-Jul
244±1
1240±4
4440±14
10853±35
68%
244±1
1238±3
4433±12
10837±30
70%
29-Jul
244±0
1242±2
4445±6
10867±15
10%
199±0
1011±1
3620±4
8849±10
18%
30-Jul
245±1
1243±4
4449±15
10875±38
95%
199±1
1011±4
3621±11
8850±28
95%
31-Jul
244±17
1239±86
4435±307
10841±751
87%
199±1
1013±3
3626±12
8863±30
91%
Mean
244
1237
4429
10826
240
1220
4368
10677
n
27
27
27
27
27
28
28
28
28
28
Std. Dev.
1.4
7
26
64
12
59
211
516
Min
241
1223
4379
10704
199
1011
3621
8850
Max
246
1247
4465
10913
245
1245
4456
10893
Gestation Barn (Barn 1)
Breeding Barn (Barn 2)
Emission (PM10)
Emmision (PM10)
Date
kg/d
g/d-m2
g/d-hd
g/d-AU
Valid data
kg/d
g/d-m2
g/d-hd
g/d-AU
Valid data
1-Jul
0.012±0.003
0.059±0.017
0.212±0.062
0.52±0.15
51%
0.015±0.004
0.075±0.020
0.267±0.070
0.65±0.17
65%
2-Jul
0.011±0.003
0.057±0.018
0.204±0.063
0.50±0.16
100%
0.013±0.006
0.064±0.030
0.230±0.107
0.56±0.26
100%
3-Jul
0.010±0.005
0.050±0.024
0.178±0.085
0.44±0.21
100%
0.013±0.007
0.064±0.036
0.230±0.127
0.56±0.31
100%
4-Jul
0.006±0.002
0.030±0.010
0.106±0.036
0.26±0.09
99%
0.000±0.000
0.001±0.000
0.002±0.000
0.00±0.00
99%
5-Jul
0.007±0.003
0.037±0.015
0.132±0.053
0.32±0.13
99%
0.000±0.000
0.001±0.000
0.002±0.000
0.00±0.00
100%
6-Jul
0.008±0.006
0.043±0.030
0.153±0.102
0.37±0.25
99%
0.008±0.006
0.042±0.030
0.151±0.108
0.37±0.26
99%
7-Jul
0.012±0.006
0.060±0.030
0.216±0.108
0.53±0.26
80%
0.007±0.004
0.038±0.019
0.134±0.069
0.33±0.17
38%
8-Jul
0.014±0.007
0.073±0.034
0.262±0.122
0.64±0.30
38%
0.011±0.004
0.056±0.022
0.199±0.082
0.49±0.20
43%
9-Jul
0.015±0.009
0.076±0.044
0.272±0.156
0.67±0.38
98%
0.011±0.006
0.057±0.031
0.206±0.111
0.50±0.27
97%
10-Jul
0.022±0.008
0.113±0.038
0.405±0.137
0.99±0.33
71%
0.020±0.007
0.101±0.035
0.360±0.126
0.88±0.31
69%
11-Jul
0.026±0.009
0.133±0.045
0.477±0.163
1.17±0.40
100%
0.022±0.011
0.112±0.055
0.402±0.198
0.98±0.48
100%
12-Jul
0.023±0.009
0.119±0.046
0.426±0.163
1.04±0.40
99%
0.015±0.007
0.074±0.034
0.266±0.122
0.65±0.30
100%
13-Jul
0.031±0.014
0.158±0.073
0.567±0.262
1.39±0.64
100%
0.021±0.011
0.109±0.056
0.390±0.200
0.95±0.49
100%
14-Jul
0.027±0.014
0.137±0.073
0.492±0.262
1.20±0.64
95%
0.018±0.015
0.091±0.075
0.326±0.270
0.80±0.66
87%
15-Jul
0.015±0.007
0.075±0.037
0.269±0.134
0.66±0.33
73%
0.007±0.004
0.035±0.022
0.125±0.077
0.32±0.17
69%
16-Jul
0.013±0.007
0.064±0.033
0.227±0.119
0.56±0.29
97%
0.007±0.004
0.035±0.022
0.125±0.077
0.31±0.20
92%
17-Jul
0.013±0.013
0.068±0.066
0.243±0.237
0.59±0.58
90%
0.008±0.005
0.045±0.026
0.160±0.093
0.39±0.23
93%
18-Jul
0.005±0.004
0.027±0.021
0.098±0.074
0.24±0.18
93%
0.006±0.004
0.030±0.019
0.106±0.069
0.26±0.17
96%
19-Jul
0.007±0.004
0.033±0.021
0.120±0.074
0.29±0.18
87%
0.007±0.004
0.036±0.021
0.128±0.077
0.31±0.19
90%
20-Jul
0.007±0.005
0.035±0.023
0.126±0.086
0.31±0.21
98%
0.007±0.005
0.035±0.026
0.126±0.092
0.31±0.23
90%
21-Jul
0.007±0.003
0.035±0.018
0.126±0.063
0.31±0.15
85%
0.006±0.004
0.029±0.020
0.104±0.071
0.26±0.17
83%
22-Jul
0.007±0.005
0.035±0.023
0.125±0.080
0.30±0.20
99%
0.010±0.006
0.049±0.030
0.176±0.106
0.43±0.26
99%
23-Jul
0.008±0.004
0.041±0.019
0.145±0.069
0.35±0.17
98%
0.014±0.006
0.069±0.032
0.247±0.115
0.60±0.28
100%
24-Jul
0.011±0.007
0.054±0.035
0.192±0.125
0.47±0.31
95%
0.019±0.011
0.095±0.054
0.339±0.192
0.83±0.47
98%
25-Jul
0.012±0.007
0.062±0.037
0.223±0.131
0.54±0.32
98%
0.019±0.010
0.098±0.048
0.350±0.173
0.86±0.42
100%
26-Jul
0.011±0.006
0.056±0.032
0.200±0.113
0.49±0.28
98%
0.013±0.006
0.068±0.032
0.243±0.114
0.59±0.28
100%
27-Jul
0.010±0.006
0.052±0.030
0.018±0.011
0.38±0.22
98%
0.009±0.006
0.048±0.028
0.015±0.009
0.35±0.20
97%
28-Jul
0.015±0.010
0.076±0.053
0.272±0.190
0.66±0.47
59%
0.014±0.011
0.073±0.057
0.261±0.204
0.64±0.50
60%
29-Jul
0%
0%
30-Jul
0%
0%
31-Jul
0%
0%
Mean
0.013
0.066
0.23
0.57
0.011
0.057
0.197
0.49
n
25
25
25
25
25
22
22
22
22
22
Std. Dev.
0.007
0.037
0.139
0.33
0.006
0.031
0.119
0.28
Min
0.005
0.027
0.018
0.24
0.000
0.001
0.002
0.00
Max
0.031
0.158
0.567
1.39
0.022
0.112
0.402
0.98